POS Printers Sales

POS Printers Sales Market Outlook

The global POS printers market is poised for significant growth, projected to reach a valuation of approximately $4.5 billion by 2035, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 6.5% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2035. This growth can be attributed to the increasing adoption of advanced point-of-sale systems across various sectors including retail, hospitality, and healthcare. The surge in mobile payment solutions and the growing trend of cashless transactions further augment the demand for efficient printing solutions. Additionally, the need for enhancing customer experience through faster and more reliable transaction processes is driving the innovation in POS printing technology. Furthermore, the emphasis on improving operational efficiency and reducing transaction time within businesses is enabling the expansion of the market.

Growth Factor of the Market

The POS printers market is experiencing robust growth due to several key factors. Firstly, the increasing penetration of e-commerce and online retailing has necessitated efficient POS systems that can handle high transaction volumes, leading to a rising demand for advanced printers. Additionally, the growing trend of mobile payments, spurred by the proliferation of smartphones and contactless payment technologies, is creating opportunities for mobile and portable POS printer solutions. Secondly, advancements in printing technologies, such as thermal printing and inkjet technology, are improving the speed and quality of prints, thus attracting more businesses to adopt these systems. Furthermore, the expansion of the retail and hospitality sectors, particularly in emerging markets, is driving the need for reliable and efficient POS systems, including printers. Lastly, the increasing focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty programs is pushing businesses to invest in printers that can produce promotional materials and receipts with precision and speed.

Key Highlights of the Market

• The global POS printers market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2025 to 2035.
• Receipt printers are anticipated to dominate the product type segment due to widespread usage in retail establishments.
• Retail applications are expected to account for the largest market share, driven by the rapid growth of the e-commerce sector.
• Thermal technology is projected to lead the technology type segment owing to its cost-effectiveness and speed.
• Online stores are likely to emerge as the fastest-growing distribution channel, reflecting the shift towards digital shopping.

By Product Type

Receipt Printers:

Receipt printers are a vital component of point-of-sale systems, extensively utilized in various industries, especially retail and hospitality. These printers are designed to generate fast, high-quality receipts that are essential for customer transactions. The rise of electronic payments and the need for immediate transaction records have significantly increased the demand for receipt printers. Furthermore, advancements in thermal printing technology have enhanced the efficiency and reliability of these printers, making them a preferred choice for businesses. As more retailers adopt automated systems to enhance customer satisfaction, the market for receipt printers is expected to witness sustained growth, driven by the increasing need for seamless transaction processing and record-keeping.

Label Printers:

Label printers play a crucial role in inventory management and tracking across industries such as retail, logistics, and healthcare. These printers are specifically designed to produce high-quality labels that can withstand various conditions, ensuring durability and readability. The growing trend of labeling products for better organization and tracking in warehouses and stores is fueling the demand for label printers. Additionally, the rise of e-commerce has heightened the need for effective shipping and handling labels, further propelling market growth. Innovations in label printing technology, including customizable label formats and mobile capabilities, are enhancing the functionality and attractiveness of these printers to businesses looking to streamline their operations.

Ticket Printers:

Ticket printers are essential in sectors such as transportation, entertainment, and events management, where they facilitate the issuance of tickets for various services. These printers are designed to produce tickets quickly and accurately, essential for maintaining customer flow and operational efficiency. With the rise of events and attractions, there is a growing demand for reliable ticketing solutions that can handle high volumes of transactions. Furthermore, advancements in thermal and inkjet printing technologies are making ticket printers more versatile and user-friendly. The increasing adoption of digital ticketing solutions is also creating opportunities for hybrid systems that combine traditional and electronic ticketing, thus expanding the market for ticket printers.

Card Printers:

Card printers are gaining traction in numerous industries, including retail, healthcare, and security, where there is a need for customized identification and access control cards. These printers enable organizations to create high-quality cards that can include barcodes, photographs, and other personalized information. The surge in the need for secure identification systems, particularly in healthcare and educational institutions, is driving the market for card printers. Moreover, the ability to produce cards on demand and incorporate advanced security features such as holograms and RFID technology is enhancing their appeal. As businesses strive to improve their security protocols and customer identification processes, the card printer segment is expected to witness significant growth.

Mobile Printers:

Mobile printers are revolutionizing the way businesses conduct transactions and manage printing needs, particularly in field operations, retail, and logistics. These portable devices allow for printing on-the-go, enhancing convenience and efficiency in customer service. The growing popularity of mobile payment systems is a major driver of the mobile printer market, as businesses seek to streamline their payment processes with immediate printing capabilities. Furthermore, advancements in wireless technology and battery life are making mobile printers more user-friendly and efficient, allowing for seamless integration with various devices. As mobile commerce continues to expand, the demand for mobile printers is expected to grow, providing businesses with the tools necessary to enhance customer engagement and service delivery.

By Application

Retail:

The retail sector is the largest application segment for POS printers, driven by the increasing number of retail outlets and the growing need for efficient transaction systems. Retailers rely heavily on POS printers to generate receipts, labels, and promotional materials, which are crucial for customer interaction and satisfaction. The rise of omnichannel retailing, where customers engage through multiple channels, has necessitated more integrated printing solutions that can cater to both in-store and online transactions. Furthermore, innovations in POS technology, including mobile and cloud-based solutions, are transforming the retail landscape, enabling retailers to provide quicker and more personalized service, thus boosting the demand for advanced POS printing solutions.

Hospitality:

Hospitality is another critical application area for POS printers, encompassing hotels, restaurants, and other service-oriented establishments. In this sector, POS printers are essential for managing customer transactions efficiently and enhancing the overall dining or lodging experience. These printers are used to issue bills, receipts, and even kitchen orders, playing a key role in streamlining operations. The growing trend of digital menus and contactless payments in the hospitality industry is further driving the demand for POS printers that can seamlessly integrate with mobile payment systems. As the industry continues to evolve with a focus on improving customer service and operational efficiency, the need for reliable POS printing solutions is expected to grow significantly.

Healthcare:

In the healthcare sector, POS printers are increasingly being utilized for generating patient documents, labels for medications, and identification cards. The need for accurate and efficient printing solutions is critical in this industry, where errors can have serious consequences. POS printers facilitate the printing of prescriptions and patient records directly at the point of service, enhancing workflow and reducing wait times. Additionally, the emphasis on patient safety and regulatory compliance in healthcare is driving the adoption of high-quality printing solutions that ensure accuracy and readability. As healthcare facilities continue to digitize their operations, the demand for POS printers capable of meeting stringent healthcare requirements is anticipated to rise.

Entertainment:

The entertainment industry also constitutes a significant application area for POS printers, particularly for ticketing solutions in theaters, concert venues, and amusement parks. In this sector, efficient ticket printing is essential for managing large crowds and ensuring a smooth entry process. The shift towards online ticket sales and the need for immediate printing capabilities are driving the demand for reliable ticket printers that can handle various ticket formats. Furthermore, the growing popularity of events and experiences that require advance bookings is creating opportunities for innovative print solutions that cater to both traditional and digital ticketing systems. As the entertainment sector expands, the demand for high-performance POS printers will likely increase.

Others:

In addition to retail, hospitality, healthcare, and entertainment, various other sectors are increasingly adopting POS printers to streamline operations and enhance customer interactions. This segment includes industries such as logistics, transportation, and government services, where efficient printing solutions are essential for managing transactions and documentation. For instance, in the logistics sector, POS printers are used for shipping labels and invoices, ensuring that packages are tracked and delivered accurately. The growing trend of automation across industries is also promoting the adoption of smart printing solutions that integrate with existing systems to improve efficiency. As businesses seek to enhance their operational capabilities, the demand for POS printers across diverse applications will likely witness considerable growth.

By Distribution Channel

Online Stores:

Online stores are becoming an increasingly popular distribution channel for POS printers, reflecting the broader trend of e-commerce growth. The convenience of purchasing printers online allows businesses to compare products easily and select the best solutions for their needs without the constraints of geographical location. E-commerce platforms often provide detailed specifications, customer reviews, and competitive pricing, making it easier for buyers to make informed decisions. Furthermore, online retailers frequently offer promotions and deals, which can drive additional sales. The increasing trend of digital transformation within businesses is encouraging more retail and hospitality operators to explore online purchasing options, thereby positioning this channel as a key driver of market growth.

Retail Stores:

Retail stores remain a crucial distribution channel for POS printers, particularly for businesses that prefer to see and assess the product before purchase. Physical retail outlets provide opportunities for businesses to interact directly with sales representatives, allowing them to gather insights and recommendations tailored to their specific needs. Additionally, retailers often showcase the latest technology and models, enabling customers to experience the performance of POS printers firsthand. As businesses seek to enhance their operational efficiency, many are reverting to local suppliers for immediate support and service, further solidifying the importance of retail stores as a distribution channel in the POS printers market.

Direct Sales:

Direct sales channels are also significant in the POS printers market, particularly for manufacturers looking to establish strong relationships with their clients. By engaging directly with customers, manufacturers can provide personalized service, tailored solutions, and immediate technical support. This approach allows companies to understand their clients' specific requirements better and offer bespoke products that meet their operational needs. Furthermore, direct sales can facilitate better pricing strategies and promotions, enhancing customer loyalty. As businesses increasingly prioritize customer service and relationship management, the role of direct sales in the POS printers market is expected to grow, contributing to market expansion.

Others:

Other distribution channels, such as value-added resellers (VARs) and system integrators, are also vital in the POS printers market. These channels typically provide specialized knowledge and support, assisting businesses in selecting and implementing the right printing solutions for their unique operational requirements. VARs often customize solutions by integrating printers with existing software and hardware, making them an attractive option for businesses seeking comprehensive service. Additionally, system integrators help organizations streamline their processes by delivering holistic solutions that encompass both POS systems and printers. As businesses continue to seek ways to enhance efficiency and productivity, these alternative distribution channels will play an increasingly important role in the market.

By Technology Type

Thermal:

Thermal printing technology is widely recognized for its speed, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, making it the most popular choice in the POS printers market. This technology utilizes heat to print on special thermal paper, eliminating the need for ink or toner, which significantly reduces operating costs. Thermal printers are particularly favored in retail and hospitality applications where quick printing is essential, such as generating receipts and tickets. Moreover, thermal printers are known for producing high-quality prints that are resistant to fading, which is critical for maintaining legibility over time. As businesses seek to streamline their operations and reduce printing costs, the demand for thermal technology in POS printers is expected to remain high.

Impact/Dot Matrix:

Impact or dot matrix printers are primarily used in environments where multi-part forms and carbon copies are required. Although they are less common in modern retail settings, they are still utilized in specific applications such as invoice printing and warehouse documentation. Dot matrix printers are valued for their ability to produce multiple copies simultaneously, making them ideal for industries that require duplicate records. However, their slower print speeds compared to thermal printers can be a drawback. As businesses increasingly prioritize speed and efficiency, the use of impact printers may continue to decline, yet they still hold a niche position in the POS printers market.

Inkjet:

Inkjet technology is another viable option in the POS printer segment, offering high-quality prints and the ability to print in color, which is advantageous for promotional materials and marketing collateral. These printers utilize liquid ink to produce sharp images and text, making them suitable for a variety of applications beyond standard receipt printing. However, inkjet printers can be slower than thermal printers and may incur higher operating costs due to ink replacement. As businesses seek to enhance their branding efforts through high-quality printed materials, the demand for inkjet POS printers is expected to grow, particularly in environments where color printing is essential.

Laser:

Laser printers are gaining traction in the POS printer market due to their speed and efficiency in producing high volumes of prints. This technology uses laser beams to produce sharp text and images, making it an excellent choice for businesses that require professional-quality documents. Laser printers are especially beneficial in environments where large quantities of receipts or reports are generated, such as in corporate settings and financial institutions. Although laser printers generally have higher upfront costs, their long-term efficiency and lower cost per page can provide significant savings for businesses. As organizations increasingly prioritize operational efficiency and high-quality outputs, the demand for laser technology in POS printers is likely to rise.

By Region

The North American POS printers market is expected to dominate the global landscape, accounting for a significant share of the overall market. This region benefits from the presence of numerous established retailers and a strong emphasis on adopting advanced point-of-sale technologies. The ongoing trend of digital transformation across industries, coupled with the increasing consumer demand for seamless payment experiences, is driving the growth of POS printers in North America. The market in this region is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6.0% from 2025 to 2035, bolstered by technological advancements and the need for efficient transaction systems.

In Europe, the POS printers market is also set for considerable growth, spurred by the rise of retail automation and the increasing emphasis on enhancing customer experience. The European market is characterized by a diverse range of applications, from retail to hospitality, and is adapting to meet the growing demand for integrated printing solutions. The ongoing shift towards cashless transactions and digital payment methods is driving the adoption of advanced POS systems, including printers. Asia Pacific is witnessing a rapid expansion of the POS printers market, driven by the growing retail sector and increasing investment in technological infrastructure. However, the combined market share of North America and Europe will not exceed the global numbers, ensuring that the overall market landscape remains balanced as it continues to evolve.

Opportunities

As the POS printers market continues to expand, numerous opportunities are emerging for businesses and manufacturers to innovate and capture market share. One of the most significant opportunities lies in the growing demand for integrated systems that combine POS printers with advanced software solutions for enhanced operational efficiency. Businesses are increasingly looking for comprehensive solutions that offer seamless integration with existing POS systems, enabling them to streamline their processes and improve customer service. Furthermore, the rise of e-commerce and the shift towards omnichannel retailing create opportunities for POS printers that can cater to both in-store and online transactions. Innovations in mobile printing technology also present a lucrative avenue for growth, as businesses seek to enhance customer engagement and convenience through portable printing solutions.

Moreover, advancements in printing technology such as cloud-based printing solutions and eco-friendly materials are creating avenues for companies to differentiate themselves in a competitive market. As environmental awareness continues to rise, businesses that invest in sustainable printing solutions will likely gain a competitive edge. The increasing focus on security in various sectors also presents opportunities for manufacturers to develop printers equipped with advanced security features to protect sensitive customer information. Additionally, expanding into emerging markets in Asia Pacific and Latin America, where the retail and hospitality industries are rapidly growing, offers significant growth potential for POS printer manufacturers looking to diversify their market presence.

Threats

Despite the positive outlook for the POS printers market, there are several threats that could pose challenges to growth. One of the primary threats is the increasing adoption of digital and mobile payment solutions, which may reduce the need for traditional printing of receipts and tickets. As businesses move towards becoming cashless and digitizing their operations, the demand for physical printing may decline, affecting sales of POS printers. Additionally, fierce competition among manufacturers may lead to price wars that can erode profit margins and hinder innovation. Companies may find it challenging to differentiate their products in a saturated market, making it essential to continually innovate and provide value-added features to attract customers.

Another significant threat to the market is the rapid pace of technological advancements, which can quickly render existing products obsolete. Manufacturers must stay ahead of the curve by investing in research and development to keep their offerings relevant and competitive. Furthermore, potential supply chain disruptions, particularly in a post-pandemic world, can impact the availability of key components required for manufacturing POS printers, leading to delays and increased costs. As the market evolves, businesses must navigate these threats carefully to sustain growth and maintain their market position.

Competitor Outlook

• EPSON
• Star Micronics
• Zebra Technologies
• Brother Industries
• HP Inc.
• Canon Inc.
• Samsung Electronics
• Citizen Systems
• Datamax-O'Neil
• Posiflex Technology
• Micros Systems
• Verifone
• Magtek
• Wincor Nixdorf
• SATO Holdings Corporation

The competitive landscape of the POS printers market is characterized by a diverse range of players, including established manufacturers, emerging startups, and technology providers. Key players such as EPSON and Zebra Technologies are consistently innovating and expanding their product lines to introduce advanced printing solutions tailored to the evolving needs of businesses. These companies leverage their extensive experience and technological expertise to develop high-performance printers that enhance operational efficiency and customer satisfaction across various sectors. Additionally, players like Star Micronics and Brother Industries are focusing on creating versatile and user-friendly printers that cater to different applications, further intensifying the competition in the market.

Emerging startups are also entering the POS printers market, offering innovative solutions that disrupt traditional approaches. These companies often focus on niche markets or specialized applications, allowing them to carve out a unique space within the industry. Their agility and willingness to adopt new technologies can pose challenges to established players, pushing them to evolve and enhance their offerings continuously. Furthermore, the integration of software and technology solutions with POS printers is becoming increasingly important, leading to collaborations between printer manufacturers and software developers. This trend is driving the development of all-in-one systems that offer seamless connectivity and ease of use, further enhancing the competitive dynamics in the market.

Major players such as HP Inc. and Canon Inc. are also making significant contributions to the POS printers market by diversifying their product portfolios and exploring new technologies. These companies are investing in research and development to create cutting-edge printing solutions that cater to the growing demand for high-quality prints and fast transaction processing. As technological advancements continue to reshape the market, companies that prioritize innovation and customer-centric solutions will likely emerge as leaders in the POS printers landscape. The competition will continue to intensify as businesses increasingly seek to optimize their operational processes through advanced printing technologies.

• 1 Appendix

  • 1.1 List of Tables
  • 1.2 List of Figures

• 2 Introduction

  • 2.1 Market Definition
  • 2.2 Scope of the Report
  • 2.3 Study Assumptions
  • 2.4 Base Currency & Forecast Periods

• 3 Market Dynamics

  • 3.1 Market Growth Factors
  • 3.2 Economic & Global Events
  • 3.3 Innovation Trends
  • 3.4 Supply Chain Analysis

• 4 Consumer Behavior

  • 4.1 Market Trends
  • 4.2 Pricing Analysis
  • 4.3 Buyer Insights

• 5 Key Player Profiles

  • 5.1 EPSON
    • 5.1.1 Business Overview
    • 5.1.2 Products & Services
    • 5.1.3 Financials
    • 5.1.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.1.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.2 Magtek
    • 5.2.1 Business Overview
    • 5.2.2 Products & Services
    • 5.2.3 Financials
    • 5.2.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.2.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.3 HP Inc.
    • 5.3.1 Business Overview
    • 5.3.2 Products & Services
    • 5.3.3 Financials
    • 5.3.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.3.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.4 Verifone
    • 5.4.1 Business Overview
    • 5.4.2 Products & Services
    • 5.4.3 Financials
    • 5.4.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.4.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.5 Canon Inc.
    • 5.5.1 Business Overview
    • 5.5.2 Products & Services
    • 5.5.3 Financials
    • 5.5.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.5.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.6 Datamax-O'Neil
    • 5.6.1 Business Overview
    • 5.6.2 Products & Services
    • 5.6.3 Financials
    • 5.6.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.6.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.7 Micros Systems
    • 5.7.1 Business Overview
    • 5.7.2 Products & Services
    • 5.7.3 Financials
    • 5.7.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.7.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.8 Star Micronics
    • 5.8.1 Business Overview
    • 5.8.2 Products & Services
    • 5.8.3 Financials
    • 5.8.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.8.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.9 Wincor Nixdorf
    • 5.9.1 Business Overview
    • 5.9.2 Products & Services
    • 5.9.3 Financials
    • 5.9.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.9.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.10 Citizen Systems
    • 5.10.1 Business Overview
    • 5.10.2 Products & Services
    • 5.10.3 Financials
    • 5.10.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.10.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.11 Brother Industries
    • 5.11.1 Business Overview
    • 5.11.2 Products & Services
    • 5.11.3 Financials
    • 5.11.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.11.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.12 Zebra Technologies
    • 5.12.1 Business Overview
    • 5.12.2 Products & Services
    • 5.12.3 Financials
    • 5.12.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.12.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.13 Posiflex Technology
    • 5.13.1 Business Overview
    • 5.13.2 Products & Services
    • 5.13.3 Financials
    • 5.13.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.13.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.14 Samsung Electronics
    • 5.14.1 Business Overview
    • 5.14.2 Products & Services
    • 5.14.3 Financials
    • 5.14.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.14.5 SWOT Analysis
  • 5.15 SATO Holdings Corporation
    • 5.15.1 Business Overview
    • 5.15.2 Products & Services
    • 5.15.3 Financials
    • 5.15.4 Recent Developments
    • 5.15.5 SWOT Analysis

• 6 Market Segmentation

  • 6.1 POS Printers Sales Market, By Application
    • 6.1.1 Retail
    • 6.1.2 Hospitality
    • 6.1.3 Healthcare
    • 6.1.4 Entertainment
    • 6.1.5 Others
  • 6.2 POS Printers Sales Market, By Product Type
    • 6.2.1 Receipt Printers
    • 6.2.2 Label Printers
    • 6.2.3 Ticket Printers
    • 6.2.4 Card Printers
    • 6.2.5 Mobile Printers
  • 6.3 POS Printers Sales Market, By Technology Type
    • 6.3.1 Thermal
    • 6.3.2 Impact/Dot Matrix
    • 6.3.3 Inkjet
    • 6.3.4 Laser
  • 6.4 POS Printers Sales Market, By Distribution Channel
    • 6.4.1 Online Stores
    • 6.4.2 Retail Stores
    • 6.4.3 Direct Sales
    • 6.4.4 Others

• 7 Competitive Analysis

  • 7.1 Key Player Comparison
  • 7.2 Market Share Analysis
  • 7.3 Investment Trends
  • 7.4 SWOT Analysis

• 8 Research Methodology

  • 8.1 Analysis Design
  • 8.2 Research Phases
  • 8.3 Study Timeline

• 9 Future Market Outlook

  • 9.1 Growth Forecast
  • 9.2 Market Evolution

• 10 Geographical Overview

  • 10.1 Europe - Market Analysis
    • 10.1.1 By Country
      • 10.1.1.1 UK
      • 10.1.1.2 France
      • 10.1.1.3 Germany
      • 10.1.1.4 Spain
      • 10.1.1.5 Italy
  • 10.2 Asia Pacific - Market Analysis
    • 10.2.1 By Country
      • 10.2.1.1 India
      • 10.2.1.2 China
      • 10.2.1.3 Japan
      • 10.2.1.4 South Korea
  • 10.3 Latin America - Market Analysis
    • 10.3.1 By Country
      • 10.3.1.1 Brazil
      • 10.3.1.2 Argentina
      • 10.3.1.3 Mexico
  • 10.4 North America - Market Analysis
    • 10.4.1 By Country
      • 10.4.1.1 USA
      • 10.4.1.2 Canada
  • 10.5 POS Printers Sales Market by Region
  • 10.6 Middle East & Africa - Market Analysis
    • 10.6.1 By Country
      • 10.6.1.1 Middle East
      • 10.6.1.2 Africa

• 11 Global Economic Factors

  • 11.1 Inflation Impact
  • 11.2 Trade Policies

• 12 Technology & Innovation

  • 12.1 Emerging Technologies
  • 12.2 AI & Digital Trends
  • 12.3 Patent Research

• 13 Investment & Market Growth

  • 13.1 Funding Trends
  • 13.2 Future Market Projections

• 14 Market Overview & Key Insights

  • 14.1 Executive Summary
  • 14.2 Key Trends
  • 14.3 Market Challenges
  • 14.4 Regulatory Landscape

Segments Analyzed in the Report

The global POS Printers Sales market is categorized based on

By Product Type

• Receipt Printers
• Label Printers
• Ticket Printers
• Card Printers
• Mobile Printers

By Application

• Retail
• Hospitality
• Healthcare
• Entertainment
• Others

By Distribution Channel

• Online Stores
• Retail Stores
• Direct Sales
• Others

By Technology Type

• Thermal
• Impact/Dot Matrix
• Inkjet
• Laser

By Region

• North America
• Europe
• Asia Pacific
• Latin America
• Middle East & Africa

Key Players

• EPSON
• Star Micronics
• Zebra Technologies
• Brother Industries
• HP Inc.
• Canon Inc.
• Samsung Electronics
• Citizen Systems
• Datamax-O'Neil
• Posiflex Technology
• Micros Systems
• Verifone
• Magtek
• Wincor Nixdorf
• SATO Holdings Corporation